翻譯：
在1999至2002年間，股東見證了他們所持股票股值的縮減，
而此前的樂觀主義者也不得不屈服於事實。
====================
2.? 解釋：個人覺得這裏as是連詞，表示At the same time，同時發生~
眼看股價下跌的同時，樂天派們（也）不得不向現實低頭~
要是翻譯成表轉折的"雖然但是"，
就成了“雖然樂天派屈服於現實，但是股價下跌了”，有點別扭~
======================================
3.? 補充as完整用法，來自：朗文當代英語詞典第4版
as
as? / Ez ; Ez ; Az
; Az / prep
& adv1. used when you are comparing two
people, things, situations etc
像，如同〔用於比較〕:
as …
as
Tom's not as old as you, is he?
湯姆年紀沒有妳大，是嗎？
an old
woman with hair as white as snow
壹個白發如雪的老太太
Some of the
doctors are paid almost twice as much as the nurses.
有些醫生的薪水幾乎是護士的壹倍。
We work
as hard as any other team in England.
我們同英格蘭其他任何球隊壹樣努力。
Please
let me know your decision as soon as possible (=as soon as you can)
.
請盡快告訴我妳的決定。
His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one
will be just as (=equally) popular.
他上壹張專輯售出五十萬張，我們希望這張同樣暢銷。
2. used to say what job, duty, use, or appearance someone or something
has
作為; 身為:
As a
parent, I feel that more should be done to protect our children.
身為家長，我覺得應該多做些事來保護我們的孩子。
A flat stone was used as a table.
壹塊平滑的石頭用作了桌子。
Dad
dressed up as Santa Claus.
爸爸打扮成聖誕老人的樣子。
3. used to
say what someone thinks or says a person or thing is
當作:
The problem is regarded as
serious.
這個問題被認為很嚴重。
The result of last week's election will be seen as a victory
for the right-wing government.
上周選舉的結果將被看成是右翼政府的勝利。
He's described as being in his late teens, tall, and of slim
build.
據描述，他十八九歲的樣子，瘦高個兒。
4.
when someone was in a particular age group
在某壹年齡段時:
As a young man, Eliot
had studied art in Paris.
年輕時，艾略特在巴黎學畫畫。
I'll take
you to all the places I loved as a girl.
我會帶妳去我還是個小女孩時愛去的每壹個地方。
such as at SUCH(2)
as one at ONE (16) CHOICE?as, like, as if:
Use
as in comparisons in the expression as … as, with an adjective or adverb in
between.
as 用於表示比較的短語 as ...
as，中間是形容詞或副詞:
Basketball is as popular as
football here.
在這裏，籃球與足球壹樣流行。
He can't
read as well as his classmates.
他閱讀能力不如其他同學。
as is
also used in the expressions not so … as and the same (…) as . as 還用於詞組 not so … as 和 the same (…)
as:
I wouldn't go so far as that.
我不會那麽極端。
He is the same
age as me.
他和我同年。
Use like in comparisons followed by a noun.
後接名詞的比較形式用 like:
A movie is not
like a book (NOT not as a book).
電影和書不壹樣。
Like other
people (NOT as other people), he values his privacy.
同其他人壹樣，他也看重自己的隱私。
Use as if followed by a clause to compare a real situation
with an imaginary situation.
as if
之後接從句，用於比較虛實兩種情形:
He talked to them as if they
were children.
他同他們說話，就當他們是孩子壹樣。
Somepeople use like in this sort of comparison.
在這種比較形式中，有些人用 like:
They act like they own the
place.
他們表現得像是這地方的主人。
It is better not to do this as many people think it is
incorrect.
許多人認為這不正確，最好不要這樣用。
as if cannot be followed directly by a noun. as if後面不能直接跟名詞:
You treat them as if they were your
parents (NOT as if your parents).
妳對待他們如同對待自己的父母。
as? conjunction1.
used in comparisons
像…壹樣〔用於比較〕:
as …
as
They want peace as much as we
do.
他們同我們壹樣希望和平。
Helen comes to visit me as often as she can.
海倫有空就來看我。
I can't run as
fast as I used to.
我不如以前跑得快了。
2. in the way
that someone says or that something happens, or in the condition something is
in
按…的方式; 如同:
Do
as I say!
按我說的去做！
We'd better leave things as they are until the police
arrive.
在警察到來以前，我們最好讓現場保持原樣。
The
money was repaid, as promised.
錢按承諾還了。
He did not need
to keep moving house, as his father had.
他不必像他父親那樣不停地搬家了。
Roberta
was late as usual (=in the way that she usually was) .
羅伯塔和往常壹樣遲到了。
3. used to
say that what you are saying is already known or has been stated
before
正如〔用於所說的話已為人所知或已經說過〕:
David, as you know, has not been well lately.
妳知道的，戴維近來身體不大好。
As I
explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next
meeting.
正如我在電話裏解釋的那樣，下次開會將考慮妳的請求。
As Napoleon once said, attack is the best method of
defence.
拿破侖曾經說過，進攻是最好的防禦。
4. while
or when
（正當）…的時候:
I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.
我下公***汽車的時候看見了彼得。
As time
passed, things seemed to get worse.
隨著時間的推移，情況似乎變得更加糟糕了。
Just as the two men were leaving, a message
arrived.
那兩名男子正要走的時候有人送來了消息。
5. used to state why a particular situation exists or why someone does
something
因為，由於:
As it was getting late, I turned around to start for
home.
天漸漸晚了，我轉身回家。
We asked Philip to come with us, as he knew the
road.
我們叫菲利普壹起去，因為他認識路。
6.
though
盡管，雖然:
Unlikely as it might seem, I'm tired too.
盡管看起來不像，但我也累了。
Try as
she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.
無論休怎樣鼓搗，她就是打不開門。
As
popular as he is, the President hasn't always managed to have his own
way.
盡管總統很受擁戴，但他也並非總能隨心所欲。
7. as for sb / sth, used when you are
starting to talk about someone or something new that is connected with what you
were talking about before
至於某人/某物，就某人/某物而言:
Kitty's got so
thin. And as for Carl, he always seems to be ill.
姬蒂變得很瘦，至於卡爾，他似乎壹直病歪歪的。
You can ask the others, but as for myself, I'll be busy in the
office.
妳可以去問問別人，至於我嘛，就在辦公室裏忙唄。
8. as yet, [used in negatives] until and
including the present time – used to say that something has not happened
although it may happen in the future
到現在為止（尚未）:
We've had no word from
Colin as yet.
我們到現在為止也沒得到科林的任何消息。
9. as if … / as though …
a. in away that makes it seem that something is true or that something is
happening
好像:
It
sounds as though she's been really ill.
聽起來她病得很重。
Gary was
behaving as though nothing had happened.
加裏表現得好像什麽也沒發生過。
Mrs
Crump looked as if she was going to explode.
克倫普太太看起來好像要大發雷霆。
Beckworth shook his head as if to say 'Don't trust
her'.
貝克沃思搖搖頭，好像是要說“別信她”。
b. used to emphasize that something is not true or will nothappen
仿佛，好像〔用於強調某事不是真的或不會發生〕:
She said she'd never speak to me again. As if I cared (= I do
not care at all) .
她說她再也不會跟我說話了，好像我會在乎似的。
'Don't try any funny business, now.' 'As if I
would.'
“好了，別耍什麽花樣。”“我才不會呢。”
As if! [spoken informal] :
He asked if I'd go out with him. As if! (=it is extremely
unlikely that I would go out with him)
他問我是否願意跟他出去，我才不願意呢！
box at as ?10. it's not as if, used to say that something
cannot be the explanation for a situation or someone's behaviour because it is
not true
其實並不:
Why do they never go on holiday? I mean it's not as if they're
poor is it?
他們為什麽從不去度假呢？
我的意思是他們並不窮，對嗎？
I don't know why you're so
frightened of her, it's not as if she's got any power over you.
我不明白妳為什麽這樣怕她，她又不是妳的上司。
11. as it is
a. because of thesituation that actually exists – used when that situation is different from what
you expected or need
事實上，實際情況是:
They hoped to finish the kitchen by
Friday, but as it is they'll probably have to come back next week.
他們希望星期五把廚房完工，但事實上，他們很可能下周還得回來。
b. already已經:
Just keep quiet – you're in enough trouble as it
is.
安靜點，妳的麻煩已經夠多了。
12.
as from / of sth, starting from a
particular time or date and continuing
自某壹時間（日期）起:
As from today, you
are in charge of the office.
從今天起，妳負責辦公室的工作。
As of
now, there will be no more paid overtime.
從現在起不再有加班費。
13. as against sth, in comparison with
something
跟某事相比:
Profits this year are $2.5 million as against $4 million last
year.
今年的利潤是 250 萬美元，而去年的利潤是 400
萬美元。
14. as to sth
a.concerning
關於:
Frank was very uncertain as to whether it was the right job for
him.
弗蘭克實在拿不準這工作是不是適合他。
advice as to which suppliers to approach
有關與哪些供應商接洽的建議
He kept
his rivals guessing as to his real intentions.
他壹直讓對手捉摸不透他的真實意圖。
b. [formal] used when you are startingto talk about something new that is connected with what you were talking about
before
至於:
As to
our future plans, I think I need only say that the company intends to expand at
a steady rate.
至於我們未來的計劃，我想我只需要說，公司打算穩步擴展。
15. as it were, used when describing someone
or something in a way that is not quite exact
可以說是:
Jim Radcliffe became our
idol, as it were, the man we all wanted to be.
吉姆·拉德克利夫可以說是我們的偶像，我們都想成為他那樣的人。
16. as is / was / does etc, [formal] used to add that what you
have said is also true of someone or something else
…也如此:
Eve's very tall, as was her
mother.
伊芙個子很高，她母親個子也高。
I voted Labour, as did my wife.
我投了工黨的票，我妻子也是。
17. as you do, [BrE spoken] in the way that people
usually do something or how they normally behave; often used humorously by
people after they have mentioned doing something strange or
unusual
就像大家壹樣〔常為人們說起做過不尋常之事後的幽默用法〕:
We
talked, exchanged email addresses and phone numbers, as you do on
planes.
我們聊了聊、交換了電子郵件地址和電話號碼，在飛機上妳也會這樣做的。
I was driving a Ferrari through town yesterday – as you do –
when I saw an old schoolfriend outside the cinema.
昨天我像大家壹樣開著法拉利穿過商業區，在影院外看見了壹位老同學。
not as such atSUCH
(8)
as well at WELL (5) as wellas at WELL ?
(6)
might (just) as well at MIGHT (9) so as to do sthat SO
(5)