敗：
1．輸，失利，不成功，與“勝”相對：～北。～退。～績（a．連隊潰敗；b．事業的失利）。～訴。～筆。～局。兩～俱傷。
敗
敗
bài
<動>
(會意。從貝,從攴。攴(pū),甲骨文象以手持杖,敲擊的意思,漢字部首之壹。在現代漢字中,“攴”大多寫成“攵”,只有極少數字保留著“攴”的寫法。從“攴”的字多與打、敲、擊等手的動作有關。敗,甲骨文左邊是“鼎”字(小篆簡作“貝”),右邊是“攴”,表示以手持棍擊鼎。本義:毀壞,搞壞)
同本義 [ruin;fail;spoil]
敗,毀也。——《說文》
無俾正敗。——《詩·大雅·民勞》
若唇之與擊,空柔相摩而不致敗。——《淮南子·說林》
能全天之所生而勿敗之。——《呂氏春秋·尊師》
法敗則國亂。——《韓非子》
敗家喪身。——宋·司馬光《訓儉示康》
又
以侈自敗者多矣。
於是縱散約敗。——漢·賈誼《過秦論》
又如:敗轅裂犁(比喻把事情弄壞);敗名(敗壞名聲);敗好(敗壞盟好);敗事(敗壞事情);敗家相(敗壞家業的情狀);敗俗(敗壞風俗)
損害;損傷 [damage]
死而形體朽,精氣散,猶囊橐穿敗,粟米棄出也。——《論衡》
蠹魚敗書編,萍草粘戶半。——宋·陸遊《久雨喜晴十韻》
又如:敗足(傷腳);敗物(破損之物);敗面(毀傷面容);敗群(危害集體)
失敗;戰敗 [lose the battle;be defeated]
齊師敗矣。——《左傳·成公二年》
故善戰者,立於不敗之地。——《孫子兵法·形篇》
趙嘗五戰於秦,二敗而三勝。——宋·蘇洵《六國論》
趙兵果敗,括死軍覆。——漢·劉向《列女傳》
成敗之機,在於今日!——《資治通鑒》
宋義論武信君之軍必敗,居數日,軍果敗。——《史記·項羽本紀》
fail
[feil]
vi.
失敗, 不及格, 忘記
vt.
使失望, 舍棄, 辜負, 不及格
n.
不及格, 不及格者
fail
[feIl]
vi., vt.
失敗；不及格
The teachers failed me on the written composition.
教師們評我的筆頭作文不及格。
He failed his English examination.
他的英語考試不及格。
不足；無法做到；（作物）歉收
Last year the crops failed.
去年農作物歉收。
"They fail to recognize that our population is increasing faster than the supply of food, available resources and job opportunities."
他們沒有認識到我們人口的增長超過了糧食的供給|資源的開發和就業的機會。
使失望；辜負
His courage failed him in the end.
"到最後,他泄氣了。"
We will never fail to live up to what our parents expect of us.
我們決不辜負我們的父母對我們的期望。
His friends failed him when he most needed them.
當他最需要朋友的時候，他們卻令他失望。
衰退；衰弱
The wind failed and the sea returned to calmness.
"風停了,海面上恢復了壹片寂靜。"
（事業）倒閉，破產
fail
AHD:[f?l]
D.J.:[feil]
K.K.:[fel]
v.
failed; fail.ing; fails;
fail
v.intr.
To prove deficient or lacking; perform ineffectively or inadequately.
表現欠佳證明不足或不夠；活動受損或不充足
To be unsuccessful:
失敗不成功：
a valiant attempt that failed.
雖敗猶榮
To receive an academic grade below the acceptable minimum.
不及格達到的學術等級低於最低限度
To prove insufficient in quantity or duration; give out:
用盡數量或持續時間證明為不足；用完：
The water supply failed during the drought.
在幹旱期供水不足
To fall short, as in what is expected of one:
未達成不能達到別人所期望的：
failed in her obligations to the family.
她對家庭沒有盡到責任
To decline, as in strength or effectiveness:
減弱力量減弱或功能衰退：
The patient's heart failed.
病人的心跳減弱
To cease functioning properly:
徹底中止運轉：
The engine failed.
引擎徹底停止了運轉
To become bankrupt or insolvent:
破產：
Our family business failed in 1929.
1929年我們家族破產了
fail
v.tr.
To disappoint or prove undependable to:
使失望或不可信賴：
Our sentries failed us.
我們的哨兵令我們失望
To abandon; forsake:
拋棄；放棄：
His strength failed him.
他喪失了力氣
To omit to perform (an expected duty, for example):
遺漏未做忽略而未能完成（例如，所期望的任務）：
We must . . . hold . . . those horrors up to the light of justice. Otherwise we would fail our inescapable obligation to the victims of Nazism: to remember?(Anthony Lewis)“記住：我們必須將那些慘事交付法庭審判。否則，對遭受法西斯主義迫害的人，我們將無法盡到應盡的責任”(安東尼·劉易斯)
To leave (something) undone; neglect:
疏忽留下（某事）沒做完；疏忽：
failed to wash the dishes.
忘了洗盤子
To receive an academic grade below the acceptable minimum in (a course, for example):
不及格達到的學術等級低於能接受的最低限度（如某門課程）：
failed algebra twice.
代數兩次不及格
To give such a grade of failure to (a student):
給（學生）不及格：
failed me in algebra.
給我代數不及格
fail
n.
Failure to deliver securities to a purchaser within a specified time.
保證失信未能在特定時間內將保證金交給買主
Failure to receive the proceeds of a transaction, as in the sale of stock or securities, by a specified date.
交割失信在股票或抵押品售出後，未能在規定日期內辦理交接手續
without fail
With no chance of failure:
壹定，必定沒有失敗的可能：
Be here at noon without fail.
壹定在正午時到這裏
Middle English failen
中古英語 failen
fromOld French faillir
源自古法語 faillir
fromVulgar Latin *fall?re
源自俗拉丁語 *fall?re
variant ofLatin fallere[ to deceive ]
拉丁語 fallere的變體[ 欺騙 ]
fail
[feil]
vt.
失敗, (考試)不及格
缺少
使失望; 對(某人)辜負
疏忽, 未履行
When I wanted his help he failed me.
當我需要他幫助時, 他卻使我失望。
The teacher failed me in mathematics.
老師給我數學不及格。
Words failed me at the last minute.
到最後我說不出話來了。
fail
[feil]
vi.
失敗, 不及格; (判斷)錯誤, 不中目標
[與不定式連用]不能, 不(做), 忘記; 疏忽
不足, 缺乏(in); (作物)歉收
(健康、體力、視力等)衰退; 減弱
停止作用; 故障; 停(水), 斷(電)
破產、倒閉
絕, 全無
He failed to come.
他未能來。
He fails in courage.
他不夠勇敢。
He never fails to write to his mother every week.
他從來沒有忘記每周給母親寫信。
His health is failing rapidly.
他的健康迅速衰退 。
The patient's heart failed.
病人的心臟停止了跳動。
fail
[feil]
n.
失誤, 遲誤
考試落第者
I'll pay you tomorrow without fail.
我明天付款給妳, 決不遲誤。
fail-out
n.
故障後果
fail-passive
adj.
工作可靠但性能有下降的
fail-safe
vt., vi.
(使)具有自動保險裝置
fail
[feil]
n.
(核彈運載機的)自動保險裝置
adj.
安全的, 可靠的
fail-safety
n.
(個別部件發生故障時的)系統可靠性
fail-sale
adj.
沒有銷路的
failtests
n.
可靠性試驗
failed
adj.
已失敗的
failer
n.
don't fail to
務必, 壹定
never fail to(do)
必定, 從未忘記...
without fail
必定, 務必
fail of
缺乏...能力; 不能達到
fail to
沒有(做某事); 疏忽; 忘記(做某事)
2．戰勝，使失敗。打敗。使…戰敗 [defeat]
敗宋師於黃。——《左傳·隱公元年》
匈奴入殺遼西太守,敗韓將軍。——《史記·李將軍列傳》
秦數敗趙軍。——《史記·廉頗藺相如列傳》
文公用咎犯之言,而敗楚人於城濮。——《呂氏春秋·義賞》。
defeat
[di5fi:t]
n.
擊敗, 戰勝, 失敗
vt.
擊敗, 戰勝, 使失敗, 挫折
v.
擊敗
defeat
[dI5fi:t]
vt.
打敗；戰勝
They were defeated in the football match.
他們在足球賽中輸了。
使失敗；使受挫
Our hopes were defeated.
我們的希望破滅了。
defeat
n.
失敗；擊敗
The football team suffered a defeat.
該足球隊被擊敗了。
defeat
AHD:[d?-f?t?]
D.J.:[di6fi8t]
K.K.:[d!6fit]
v.tr.
de.feat.ed; de.feat.ing; de.feats;
To win victory over; beat.
戰勝；擊敗
To prevent the success of; thwart:
阻撓…的成功；挫敗：
Internal strife defeats the purpose of teamwork.
內部爭鬥挫傷了團隊合作的目的
Law
法律
To make void; annul.
使…作廢；廢除
defeat
n.
The act of defeating or state of being defeated.
戰勝，戰敗擊敗的行為，或被擊敗的狀況
Failure to win.
失敗
A coming to naught; frustration:
毀滅變得什麽都沒有；摧毀：
the defeat of a lifelong dream.
畢生夢想的破滅
Law
法律
The act of making null and void.
廢除使…作廢和無效
Middle English defeten
中古英語 defeten
from defet[ disfigured ]
源自 defet[ 使變醜 ]
fromOld French desfait,past participle of desfaire[ to destroy ]
源自古法語 desfait, desfaire的過去分詞[ 毀滅 ]
fromMedieval Latin disfacere[ to destroy, mutilate, undo ]
源自中世紀拉丁語 disfacere[ 毀滅，毀壞，取消 ]
Latin dis-[ dis- ]
拉丁語 dis-[ 表示"除去" ]
Latin facere[ to do ]
拉丁語 facere[ 做 ]
*See Also : dh?- In Appendix
defeat?er n
defeat conquer vanquish beat rout subdue subjugate overcomeThese verbs mean to get the better of an adversary. Defeat is the most general:
Whether we defeat the enemy in one battle, or by degrees, the consequences will be the same?(Thomas Paine). Conquersuggests decisive and often wide-scale victory:“無論我們是在壹次戰鬥中擊敗敵人，還是逐步地擊敗他們，結果都會是壹樣的”（托馬斯·潘恩）。<SKW> Conquer含有決定性的、經常是大規模的勝利的意思：
A conquering army on the border will not be halted by the power of eloquence?(Otto von Bismarck). Vanquish emphasizes total mastery:“邊境上打了勝仗的軍隊不會因為雄辯的力量而停止前進的”（奧托·馮·俾斯麥）。<SKW> Vanquish強調完全的控制：
The forces of Napoleon were vanquished at Waterloo. Beat,less formal, is often the equivalent of defeat, though beat may convey greater emphasis:
拿破侖的軍隊在滑鐵盧全軍覆沒。<SKW>Beat比較不正式，常作為 defeat的對等詞語，盡管 beat可以傳遞更大的強調意義：
To win battles . . . you beat the soul . . . of the enemy man?(George S. Patton). Rout implies complete victory followed by the disorderly flight of the defeated force:“要打勝仗，妳就得打敗敵人的靈魂”（喬治·S·巴頓）。<SKW> Rout含有敗軍潰散後緊接著的全勝：
An entire division was routed during the first hours of the war. Subdue suggests mastery and control achieved by overpowering:
在戰爭的頭幾個小時中，整師就徹底潰敗了。<SKW>Subdue含有因為力量過於強大而打敗和控制的意思：
It cost [the Romans] two great wars, and three great battles, to subdue that little kingdom [Macedonia] ?(Adam Smith). Subjugate more strongly implies reducing an opponent to submission:“ 發動了兩次大規模的戰爭和三次大規模的戰役才完全制服那個小王國 ”（亞當·史密斯）。<SKW> Subjugate更強烈地含有迫使對手降服的意思：
The last foreigner to subjugate England was a Norman duke in the Middle Ages named William?(Stanley Meisler). To overcome is to prevail over, often by persevering:“最後壹個制服英格蘭的外國人是中世紀壹個叫威廉的羅馬公爵”（斯坦尼梅斯勒）。<SKW> Overcome指勝過，經常是通過堅持不懈的努力：
overcome an enemy;
戰勝敵人；
overcome temptation;
克服誘惑；
overcome a physical handicap.
克服身體上的殘疾
defeat
[di5fi:t]
vt.
打敗, 擊敗, 戰勝
使(希望, 計劃等)失敗, 挫敗; 阻撓, 使無效
律宣告無效, 廢棄
He was defeated in his purpose.
他的計劃失敗了。
defeat
[di5fi:t]
n.
失敗, 敗北, 征服
律廢除, 無效
bring defeat upon oneself
招致失敗
defeater
n.
defeatism
[dI5fi:tIz(E)m]
n.
失敗主義(的態度、行為), 失敗情緒
defeatist
[dI5fi:tIst]
n.
失敗主義者
inflict a defeat on (upon)
挫敗; 使...遭受失敗
suffer a defeat
戰敗; 遭受挫敗
sustain a defeat
戰敗; 遭受挫敗
defeat conquer overcome
都含“戰勝”、“擊敗”的意思。
defeat 指“贏得勝利”, 尤其指“軍事上的勝利”, 如:
defeat the enemy
打敗敵人。
conquer指“征服”、”戰勝”,特別指“獲得對人、物或感情的控制”,如:
conquer nature
征服自然。
overcome指“戰勝”、“壓倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, 如:
overcome difficulties
克服困難。