關鍵詞：築路機械設備 管理 技術措施 經濟效益
1 設備管理存在的問題
招投標制和項目部制是市場經濟條件下公路建設市場發展的 產物，項目部屬非常設機構，因此決定了機械設備的管理存在諸 多問題。
1.1 施工設備不配套
工程中標後組建項目部，從各項目部抽調的機械設備大多是 技術狀態較差，投入新的公路工程難免影響工程進度和質量。而 壹些公路工程所需大型或特殊的設備不到位，設備不配套同樣是 個棘手的問題。
1.2 項目部設備管理短期行為嚴重
項目部所追求的是工程質量，工程進度和效益。對機械的 使用自然是越快越好，但由於受各種外界因素的影響，不得不加班加點，長時間超負荷工作，這 種“重管理，輕使用”的行為直接影響機械的技術狀態和使用壽 命。而對於施工過程中發生故障的機械，尤其大型機械，項目部 都不願承擔高額的維修費用，而僅由壹個項目部承擔也不盡合 理。
1.3 機械管理與生產管理存在矛盾
項目部主要以路橋技術人員組成，機械管理人員往往不在項 目部或不是項目部重要組成人員，而生產管理人員作為機械使 用管理的門外漢，對機械的正確使用、定期保養等知識可想而 知，而操作手對施工技術所知甚少，往往處於施工被動或受支配 地位，這樣機械管理被大大削弱。
2 設備管理的措施
2.1 積極作好設備的組織工作
項目部成立時應立即建立項目設備組織管理體系，根據項目 的大小做好組織計劃，確定機械種類，數量和主導機械，編排所 有進出場計劃和機械總量控制，及時上報組織計劃，組織機械到 位，並深入了解各機械技術狀態，撤換低劣機械，為公路工程 順利進行做好準備。
2.2 做好所有設備的查驗、保養、調試工作
(1)做好預防性維修。對所有到場的運行機械進行壹次全面的 啟動檢查，並組織機械手對機械設備進行例行保養，包括三濾檢查、加註潤滑脂、緊固螺栓以及油品的汙染程度檢查。對於存在問 題的機械，應編制合理的檢修計劃，並立即組織實施。
(2)新購機械要選拔素質較高、責任心強的人員，協同廠方做 好設備的安裝調試並對機械手實行崗前培訓，掌握操作規程、熟練 操作技術後方可上機正常工作。
3 施工中的機械管理
(1)項目部要周密安排，搞好設備組織工作，及時對設備進行 調配。
(2)操作手要服從項目安排，又要結合本機情況視情作業。
(3)操作手要嚴格按照操作規程，隨時觀察設備的動態狀 況，及時排除各種隱患，杜絕因油水等問題影響正常運轉。
(4)操作手要嚴格執行機械保養制度，避免過時保養，使機械保持良好的工作狀態。對利用率高、易損壞、易出故障的設備 應做好跟蹤診斷，變事後修理為預防性修理。機械發生異常現象 時應立即停機檢查，並及時匯報給領導，以便迅速組織維修人員 進行現場搶修。
(5)機械的易損件應作好儲備，避免因購件周期過長影響公 路工程施工。
(6)對缺口機械應進行租賃，保證公路工程如期進行。機械租 賃應多做好市場調查，努力降低租賃成本。
4 設立機械維修基金，加強機械設備的成本核算
(1)設立機械維修基金，實行專款專用，能夠有效解決項目部 的短期行為。機械維修基金可從各項目部提取，比例可根據項目大小或效益的情況而定;
(2)成本核算應對燃油、潤滑油和維修費等執行單機登記，隨 時掌握設備完成單位產量、所需動力、配件消耗等雜費開支等情 況。健全機械設備使用記錄，對運轉臺班、臺時、完成產量、油 料、配件消耗等作好基礎資料的收集，按月匯總和對使用效果進 行分析評價，以便對機械使用技術指標的比較和調整。
5 結束語
項目部加強設備生產要素的優化配置，使用管理，成本核算， 壹方面可以相互協調，有機結合，***同完成公路工程項目的預期目 標。另壹方面可以促進機械設備與公路工程項目的兩者管理效益 的***同提高，這是加強公路工程項目施工設備有效管理、提高經 濟效益的根本保證和有效途徑。
Abstract: With the high-grade highway construction the continuous development of road machinery demands more and more high, mechanical equipment are the efficient management and engineering decide the quality of the project a necessary condition for effectiveness, so strengthening the management of engineering machinery and equipment, so scientific management, rational use, timely maintenance, repair, as appropriate, economic accounting, in order to better highway engineering construction services, access to equipment management best value for money. In this paper, equipment management in highway engineering analysis, the existence problem for some of the views put forward their own.
Keywords: road construction machinery and equipment cost-effective management of technical measures
1 Device Manager Problems
Bidding system and project the Ministry of the system are under market economy conditions highway construction market development, product, project subordinate non-permanent body, it was decided that the management of mechanical equipment, there are many questions.
1.1 Construction of equipment that does not support
After the successful incorporation of the project engineering department, drawn from the project department of machinery and equipment are mostly poor technical condition, the injection of new highway projects, will inevitably affect the project progress and quality. And some major road works or special equipment not in place, equipment not supporting the same is a difficult problem.
1.2 Project Department of Equipment Management serious short-term behavior
Projects pursued by the Department are the quality of the project, project progress and effectiveness. The use of machinery is of course the sooner the better, but because of the outside world by various factors, has to work overtime, work overload Long time, this "weight management, light use of" directly affect the mechanical behavior of the technical status and life. As for the failure of the course of construction machinery, especially large-scale machinery, project department are unwilling to bear the high cost of repair, but only by a project department also is not quite reasonable to assume.
1.3 Mechanical management and production management contradictions exist
Mainly road and bridge projects to technical staff, machinery managers often do not project or not project an important component of the Department staff and production managers use as a machinery management layman, on the proper use of machinery, regular maintenance, such as knowledge may want to common sense, and the operator of the construction technology know very little about, often in a passive construction or dominance, so that management has been greatly weakened machinery.
2 device management measures
2.1 and actively made the organization of equipment
Project set up the equipment should be immediately set up the project organization and management system, according to the size of the project organization plans to do a good job to determine the mechanical type, quantity and leading machinery, layout of all into the game plan and the total mechanical control, and timely reporting of organizations to plan, organize machinery in place and better understanding about the state of mechanical technology, to replace the inferior machinery, for highway projects successfully carried out to prepare.
2.2 to do a good job of checking all equipment, maintenance, debugging job
(1) do a good job of preventive maintenance. The operation of all machinery arrived at the scene to conduct a comprehensive start-up inspection, and manipulator of organizations to carry out routine maintenance of machinery and equipment, including three filter inspection, added grease, fastening bolts and check the oil level of pollution. For the existence of the mechanical problem should be the preparation of a reasonable repair plan and immediately implemented.
(2) of newly purchased machinery to the selection of high quality and a strong sense of responsibility of personnel, coordinated the installation of equipment for the factory to do a good job debugging manipulator and the implementation of pre-job training, master rules, skilled technique before on machines work properly.
3 Construction Machinery Management
(1) project department want detailed arrangements, good equipment, the work of the Organization, timely deployment of equipment.
(2) The operator should be subordinated to the project arrangements, but also combined with the local situation, as appropriate, homework.
(3) The operator must be strictly in accordance with the rules at any time to observe the dynamics of the situation of equipment, and remove any hidden dangers and put an end to such issues as a result of oil and water affect the normal operation.
(4) The operator must be strictly enforced mechanical maintenance system in order to avoid outdated maintenance, so that mechanical work to maintain good status. On the utilization of high and easy to damage, failure of equipment easy to do a good job tracking the diagnosis should be changed after the repair to preventive repair. Mechanical anomaly happened to be immediately shutdown checks, and timely reporting to the leadership, organizational maintenance personnel to quickly repair site.
(5) mechanical wearing parts should be ready reserves to avoid the cycle is too long to buy pieces of the impact of highway construction.
(6) of the gap leasing machinery should be carried out to ensure that highway projects on schedule. Machinery Leasing should do a good job in market research, efforts to reduce leasing costs.
4 mechanical maintenance fund set up to strengthen the machinery and equipment costing
(1) the establishment of mechanical repair funds, the implementation of earmarked projects can effectively resolve the Department's short-term behavior. Mechanical maintenance fund can be extracted from the project department, the ratio can be based on a project size or effectiveness of the case may be;
(2) cost accounting to deal with fuel, lubricants and maintenance fees to implement a single registration at any time to complete units of equipment production, power requirements, and other miscellaneous fittings consumption expenditure and so on. Record a sound use of mechanical equipment for operation of Units classes, Units, completion of production, fuel, spare parts consumption prepare basic data collection, monthly summary and an analysis of the effects on the use of evaluation to the target machine to use technology to compare and adjust .
5 Concluding remarks
Projects to strengthen the equipment of the optimal allocation of factors of production, the use of management, cost accounting, on the one hand, can be coordinated, the organic combination of a common highway engineering projects achieve the expected goal. On the other hand can contribute to mechanical equipment and highway projects, the two common improve management effectiveness, this project is to strengthen the road construction equipment, effective management, the fundamental guarantee for improving economic efficiency and effective way.