《衛報》對英國貧富分化的看法: 差距變成鴻溝
Looking at a range of indicators, researchers from the Resolution Foundation thinktank did the maths on how 16 months of lockdown had affected households' wealth. The stark conclusion was that the pandemic had "turbo-charged" the already yawning gap between the rich and the poor.
通過研究壹系列指標,決議基金會智庫的研究人員計算了 16 個月的封鎖對家庭財富的影響。殘酷結論是:疫情加劇了本已巨大的貧富差距。
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In one sense this should come as no surprise. For decades, the unspoken rule of British politics has been that the asset-rich shall become richer. Adjusted for inflation, the value of household wealth has doubled since 1980, but revenue from taxes on wealth has remained more or less stagnant.
從某種意義上說,這並不奇怪。幾十年來,英國政治的潛規則壹直是:資產富裕者會變得更富有。自 1980 年以來,經通脹調整後,家庭財富價值已經翻了壹番,但對財富征稅的收入或多或少仍停滯不前。
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Reforms to capital gains tax were contemplated in the spring by the chancellor, Rishi Sunak, and then speedily returned to the back burner. Tax reliefs on savings and investments have gone untouched.
財政大臣 Rishi Sunak 在今年春天曾經考慮過資本利得稅的改革,但很快就被擱置了。對儲蓄和投資的稅收減免並未受到影響。
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Polls have suggested robust public support for higher taxes on wealth. This is based on a justified sense that the gap between the rich and the poor has become too large and that the rich have become richer in recent years.
民意調查顯示,公眾強烈支持對財富增稅。這是基於壹種合理的認知,即貧富差距已經變得過大,且近年來富人越來越富。
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There is also a broad consensus that the times demand a greater level of government spending for the common good. When it comes to addressing the real terms decline in nurses' pay, dealing with the huge crisis in educational attainment, or addressing growing child poverty, the government routinely points to budget constraints.
還有壹個廣泛的***識是,時代的發展要求政府為公***利益增加更多的支出。當涉及到解決護士工資實際下降的問題、處理教育程度的巨大危機、或解決日益增長的兒童貧困問題時,政府通常會指向預算有限。
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After 40 years of gains at the top, the case for reforming Britain's wealth-related taxes was strong before the pandemic. Given the huge challenges that an even more unequal post-pandemic Britain will face, it is now surely unarguable.
疫情之前,富人的收入經歷了 40 年的增長,改革英國財富相關稅收的理由早已充分。考慮到疫情後更不平等的英國將面臨的巨大挑戰,這壹點現在肯定是毋庸置疑的。
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主編:Maisie
品控:Maisie
審核:Raven
重點詞匯
divide
/d?va?d/
n. 分歧,隔閡
英文釋義:a difference or separation
搭配短語:a political divide
搭配短語:the divide between the rich and poor
chasm
/?k?z?m/
n. 顯著差別,巨大分歧
英文釋義:a very large difference
thinktank
/?θ?k?t?k/
n. 智庫,智囊團
相關詞匯:think(v. 思考)
相關詞匯:tank(n. 容器)
lockdown
/?lɑkda?n/
n. 封鎖,隔離
相關詞匯:lock(n. 門鎖)
相關詞匯:down(adv. 向下)
stark
/stɑrk/
adj. 殘酷的,嚴峻的
搭配短語:the stark realities
pandemic
/p?n?d?m?k/
n. 大流行病
turbo-charge
/?t?rbo?t?ɑrd?/
v. 快速增加,增強
相關詞匯:turbocharger(n. 渦輪增壓器,空氣壓縮機)
yawning
/?y?n?/
adj.(差異或數量)巨大的,難以縮減的
相關詞匯:yawn(v. 打哈欠;張開)
搭配短語:a yawning hole(壹個裂開大口的洞)
come as no surprise
不足為奇,意料之中
例句:His reply came as a complete surprise to me. (他的回答讓我大吃壹驚)
inflation
/?n?fle?n/
n. 通貨膨脹;(氣球)充氣
stagnant
/?st?ɡn?nt/
adj. 停滯不前的;死氣沈沈的
搭配短語:a stagnant economy(經濟低迷)
相關詞匯:stagnation(n. 停滯狀態)
reform
/r?f?rm/
n. 改革
詞根詞綴:re-(重新)
相關詞匯:form(v. 形成)
contemplate
/?kɑnt?m?ple?t/
v. 深思熟慮,沈思
英文釋義:to think about something seriously for a period of time
chancellor
/?t?nsl?r//?t?ns?l?r/
n. (政府)大臣;總理;校長
back burner
不太重要的位置,次要地位
相關詞匯:burn(v. 燃燒)
相關詞匯:burner(n. 火爐)
搭配短語:put sth. on the back burner(把某事往後擱置)
例句:I had to put my plan on the back burner.
tax relief
稅收減免
poll
/po?l/
n. 民意調查;選舉投票
搭配短語:to go on the poll(參加投票)
搭配短語:opinion poll(民意調查)
搭配短語:to carry out / conduct a poll(做壹項民意調查)
robust
/ro?b?st//?ro?b?st/
adj. (態度)堅定的;(人)強壯的;(東西)結實的;
搭配短語:take a robust view of sth.(對某事看法很堅定)
consensus
/k?n?s?ns?s/
n. ***識
詞根詞綴:con-(壹起)
相關詞匯:sense(n. 感覺)
搭配短語:reach a consensus on sth.(達成***識)
搭配短語:there is a broad consensus that(達成廣泛的***識)
例句:There is a broad consensus that the government should do more to protect the environment.(人們普遍認為政府應該采取更多措施保護環境)
common good
***同利益,公***利益
相關詞匯:common(adj. ***同的)
相關詞匯:good(adj. 好的)
when it comes to
談及……;涉及……
例句:When it comes to global warming, many people think of carbon dioxide.(壹說到全球變暖,很多人會想到二氧化碳)
educational attainment
學歷
相關詞匯:attainment(n. 成就)
constraint
/k?n?stre?nt/
n. 限制,制約因素
相關詞匯:constrain(v. 限制)
case
/ke?s/
n. 論據,理由
近義詞:argument
搭配短語:a convincing case(令人信服的論據)
搭配短語:a powerful case(充分的理由)
unarguable
/?n?ɑrɡyu?bl/
adj. 無可爭議的,毋庸置疑的
詞根詞綴:un-(表否定)
相關詞匯:arguable(adj. 可爭辯的)
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